All the
organisms in this world are originated from a simple unicellular organism by
means of several influences of the nature. This principle is named as
Evolution. At first the word Evolution was technically presented by a scientist
named as Spencer. Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) took this concept in to
Biology even though which refuses the existence of a God.
DARWINISM- THEORY OF
NATURAL SELECTION
The sudden increase of organisms will
create a struggle for existence in between them due to reduced availability of
food, water, shelter, etc. In this struggle for existence the survival of
fittest occurs. The organisms which can adapt with nature are selected by the
nature (Natural selection), and the changes and abilities of these organisms
are transferred in to their new generations. And after several generations the
organisms will be different from their ancestor. Thus form a new species of
organisms; this is the basic theory of Charles Darwin.
Charles Darwin’s theory of natural
selection is refused by several eminent Scientists. Famous philosopher Arthur
Koestler wrote,
“Once upon a time, it all looked so simple.
Nature rewarded the fit with the carrot of survival and punished the unfit with
the stick of extinction. The trouble only started when it come to defining
fitness. Thus natural selection looks after survival and reproduction of the
fittest, and the fittest are those which have the highest rate of reproduction.
We are caught in a circular argument which completely begs the question of what
makes evolution evolve.” (Janus: A Summing Up, 1978, p 170).
The famous Dutch botanist Hugo deVries:
“Natural selection may explain the survival of the fittest, but it cannot
explain the arrival of the fittest.” (Species and Varieties: Their origin by
mutation, 1905, p 825).
Swedish biologist Soren Lovtrup wrote
“After this step-wise elimination, only one possibly remains: the Darwinian
theory of natural selection, whether or not coupled with Mendelism, is false. I
have already shown that the arguments advanced by the early champions were not
very compelling, and that there are now considerable numbers of empirical facts
which do not fit with the theory.” (Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth, 1987,
p 352).
EMBRIOLOGY AND THE
THEORY OF EVOLUTION
The famous biologist Earnest Hackel
(1834-1919) worked more for the acceptance and publicity of the Evolution
theory. Development of genetics compelled Hackel to formulate biogenetic law.
Hackel told, ‘Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’, i.e.; “in the development of
an organism it repeats its evolutional history.” To prove this concept he drawn
the stages of embryo development of different vertebrates.
Embryological ‘evidences’ compelled people to
accept Darwinism as a scientific ‘truth’. But in 1997 Michael Richardson
(Embryologist at London’s St. George Hospital Medical School) presented
embryological evidences to prove the Myth of Darwinism. Compare the drawings of
Hackel with actual photos submitted by Michael Richardson (See Pic. 1 & 2).
Pic. 1 Picture drawn by Hackel
Pic. 2 Top row: Hackel’s drawings
Bottom raw: Actual photos
HOMOLOGY AND THE
THEORY OF EVOLUATION
Homology is defined as the same organ
in different animals under every variety of form and function. Scientists
noticed that, within a group of related species, some structures shared
similarities in form. For example, organs as a bat’s wing, a seal’s flipper, a
cat’s paw and a human’s hand have a common under laying structure, with
identical or very similar arrangements of bones and muscles. This homology is
widely misused as an evidence for Darwinism. But it is proved that these
similar organs are originated from different parts of embryo in different
species. Some examples are given below,
Formation of lens of
the vertebrate eye
In the common
frog, Rana fusca in, in the embryo of which, if the optic cup is cut out, no
lens develops at all. But in the closely related edible frog, Rana esculents,
the optic cup can be cut out from the embryo, and the lens develops all the
same. It cannot be doubted that the lenses of these two species of frog are
homologous, yet they differ completely in the mechanism by which determination
and differentiation are brought about. (Evolution: A theory in Crisis, Michel
Denton, 1985, p 147, citing: Homology: An unsolved problem, G. De Beer, 1971)
Formation of
Alimentary canal
The alimentary canal is formed from
the roof of the embryonic gut cavity in the sharks, from the floor in the
lamprey, from roof and floor in the frogs, and from the lower layer of the
embryonic disc, the blastoderm, in birds and reptiles. (Evolution: A theory in
Crisis, Michel Denton, 1985, p 146, citing: Homology: An unsolved problem, G.
De Beer, 1971, p 13)
Formation of kidney
The development of the vertebrate
kidney appears to provide another challenge to the assumption that homologous
organs are generated from homologous embryonic tissues. In fish and amphibian
the kidney is derived directly from an embryonic organ known as mesonephros, while
in reptiles and mammals the mesonephros degenerates towards the end of
embryonic life and plays no role in the formation of adult kidney, which is
formed instead from a discrete spherical mass of mesodermal tissue, the
metanephros, which develops quite independently from mesonephros. Even the
ureter, the duct which carries the urine from kidney to the bladder, is formed
in a completely different manner in reptiles and mammals from the equivalent
duct in amphibian. (Evolution: A theory in Crisis, Michel Denton, 1985, p 146)
VESTIGIAL ORGANS AND
THE THEORY OF EVOLUATION
The myth of
vestigial organ began with Darwin. In his Origin, he described as ‘primitive’
organs that had lost their functions, or whose functions diminished. Like
Darwinism’s other claims, however, this was a myth reinforced by primitive
level of science at the time. As research and discoveries advanced, gradually
it emerged that the organs described as ‘functionless’ were actually ones whose
functions had not yet been established. The more of these functions were
discovered, the shorter became the list of ‘vestigial’ organs. The list set out
in 1895 by the German anatomist R. Wiedersheim contained around 100 ‘vestigial
human organs,’ including the appendix and coccyx. As science progressed, it was
established that all the organs on Wiedersheim’s list, and which Darwin and his
followers regarded as ‘vestigial,’ actually had important functions.
Vermiform Appendix
Encyclopedia
Britannica (1997) describes “The appendix does not serve any useful purpose as
a digestive organ in humans, and it is believed to be gradually disappearing in
the human species over evolutionary time.” (Vestigial Organs, p 491)
An examination of the appendix
microscopically, shows that it contains a significant amount of lymphoid
tissues. Similar aggregates of lymphoid tissue (known as Gut Associated
Lymphoid Tissues, GALT) occur in other areas of gastrointestinal system. The
GALT are involved in the body’s ability to recognize foreign antigens in
ingested material.
In the embryology section of Gray’s anatomy,
appendix is described as remains of the human ancestors or as a vestigial
organ. But in the Anatomy section of same book describes appendix as, “In view
of its rich blood supply and histological differentiation, the vermiform
appendix is probably more correctly regarded as a specialized than as a
degenerative vestigial structure. The configuration of the caecum and appendix
in man and the anthropoid apes is probably less primitive than in the monkeys.
(Williams, P.L. and Warwick, R., 1980. Grays Anatomy, Churchill Livingstone, 36th
edition.)
Vomeronasal Organ (Jacobson’s Organ)
Some findings reveal that the sense of smell
is actually divided in to two. The first sense perceives the aromas we are all
familiar with, but the second, little known and generally overlooked, detects
pheromones. The structure responsible is a small piece of tissue inside the
nose known as the vomeronasal organ.
Evolutionist claims are based on the fact
that some animals’ vomeronasal organs are much more sensitive than others.
Snakes and various reptiles use their tongue for vomeronasal scent detection,
and various mammals have powerful abilities to detect scents. Evolutionists
maintain that our low level of vomeronasal perception stems from
‘vestigialization.’
In fact, however, if we possessed greater
vomeronasal sensitivity, then we could be said to have evolved very well.
Creating various scenarios by making such comparisons between living things is
far from scientific. Eagles have far sharper eyes than we do, but that does not
mean that we evolved from eagles, or that our vision became ‘vestigialised’
during this evolutionary process.
The Coccyx
Evolutionists also suggested that the small
bone at the very end of the spinal column has no function. It is now known that
the coccyx supports the bones around the pelvic bone, and did not exist; we
would be unable to sit comfortably. Moreover, this bone is also stated to be
fixing point for various organs and muscles in the pelvic region.
The ‘Third Eye Lid’
The tissue referred to as the ‘third
eye lid’ consists of a thin fold at the inner corner of the eye. Darwin
portrayed this tissue as a ‘vestigial organ,’ and commonly referred as to as a
semilunar fold.
However, this tissue, with the scientific
name plica semilunaris, is not a functionless structure inherited from
reptiles, as Darwin believed. Researches have shown that the plica semilunaris
secretes a fatty liquid that moisturizes the eye, playing an important role in
protecting it from foreign bodies.
MAJOR RELIGIONS AND
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
‘Evolution weakens faith in God, undermines
the arguments for God’s existence, and is a fundamental tenet of all
unbelievers. True, some people claim to believe evolution and also believe in
God. But all unbelievers accept evolution. And believing evolution weakens
faith in God’
What Holy Bible says?
The Bible repeatedly affirms
throughout that world and the life on it are the result of Divine creation.
Genesis 1:1 – “In the beginning God created the
heavens and the Earth. The passage proceeds to describe the creation day by
day.”
Acts 17:24 – “God made the world and everything
in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth”
Hebrews 1:1 - “You, Lord, in the beginning laid foundation
of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands”
Jeremiah 10:12 – “He has made the earth by His power,
He has established the world by His wisdom, and has stretched out the heavens
at His discretion”
What Holy Bhagvad-
Gita says?
14:4 - “It should be understood
that all species of life, o son of Kunthi, are made possible by birth in this
material nature and that I am the seed giving father.”
10.39 - “Furthermore, O Arjuna, I am
the generating seed of all existences. There is no being, moving or unmoving,
that can exist without me.”
13.16 – “Undivided, yet appears as if divided in
beings; He, the object of knowledge, is the creator, sustainer, and destroyer
of (all) beings.” 13.03 – “What the creation is, what it is like, what its transformations are, where the source is, who that creator is, and what His powers are, hear all these from Me in brief.”
What Holy Qur’an says?
There must be a great power in action that created everything and keeps everything in order. Believers recognize this power as God. They call Him ‘God’ because He is the Creator of the world, the Originator of the life and the Provider of all the things in existence. He cannot be a man because no man can create anything by himself. He cannot be idol, a statue, or an image of any kind, because none of these things possess life or power of any sort. He can neither be the sun, the moon, nor any other celestial object, because all these things were created and are controlled by Him. He is the Creator and Sustainer of them all; He is the One True God and He is Only One Who truly merits our worship.
Al-Anbiyaa, V: 30 – “Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, before We clove them apart? We made from water every living. Will they not then believe?”
Al-Mu’minoon, V: 12-16 – “Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay); then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in the place of rest, firmly fixed; then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (fetus) lump; then We made out of that lump bones and clothed that bones with flesh; then We developed out of it another creature.”
BY: DR. JAFER SADIQ M.P
Fb: www.facebook.com/drjafersadiq (Jafer Sadiq)
E Mail: drjafersadiq@gmail.com
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